The Employer Pays Principle Feasibility Study, within the Horticulture Value Chain.

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£134,900

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  • Research and development consultancy services

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  • award
  • contract

Published

9 months ago

Description

Background to the specific work area relevant to this purchase <br/>Migrants using the Seasonal Worker visa route are at risk of exploitation as reported in the ICIBI report (e.g. para 3.45) and DLME's UK Labour Market Enforcement Strategy 2022-23 which notes agriculture is a 'high risk sector' for seasonal workers. These risks include debt bondage from costs incurred whilst travelling to and working in the UK and costs incurred in migrants’ home countries. <br/>Adoption of the Employer Pays Principle (EPP) has been cited by various organisations such as the Institute for Human Rights and Business (IHRB) and many retailers as potentially important to mitigating these risks. IHRB defines the EPP as “No worker should pay for a job – the costs of recruitment should be borne not by the worker but by the employer.” The definition of recruitment fees and related costs in this project will match those of the International Labour Organization’s (ILO) definition, i.e. “any fees or costs incurred in the recruitment process in order for workers to secure employment or placement, regardless of the manner, timing or location of their imposition or collection”. Further itemised definitions of recruitment fees and related costs are included in the ILO General principles and operational guidelines for fair recruitment and Definition of recruitment fees and related costs.<br/><br/>Requirement<br/>The objective is to produce a cost analysis and potential models of implementing the EPP for horticulture seasonal workers and to identify the potential economic and welfare implications.<br/>The project, as specified below, will be processed via an open competition and the intention is to commence in November 2024 for around six months.<br/>The primary goal of this work is to reduce risk for workers whilst reasonably taking into account considerations such as food security, sustainability of the UK horticulture sector, consumers, etc.<br/>Scope<br/>a)	Only the horticulture sector.  <br/>b)	Only seasonal workers will be considered. <br/>c)	UK-wide (given workers can transfer between farms in different regions of the UK). <br/>d)	All recruitment fees and related costs as defined in the ILO Definition of Recruitment Fees and Related Costs, including those that are legal for workers to pay such as travel costs, should be considered within the economic modelling of the cost of EPP.  <br/>e)	Additional illegitimate, unreasonable and undisclosed costs, also defined in the ILO Definition of Recruitment Fees and Related Costs, should not be factored into the economic modelling except in assessments of potential positive or negative consequences. This is a limitation of the study that needs to be managed through effective due diligence in the implementation phase.

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Capturing transitional changes in GHG fluxes following peat restoration

There is approximately 1,420,000 hectares of peat in England, with deep peat accounting for approximately 680,000 hectares. However, the majority of our deep peat is degraded, damaged and dried out, with only 13% of deep peat remaining in a near natural state. As a result, peatlands in England emit approximately 8 million tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent per year, about 2% of England's total greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. There is an urgent need to re-wet peatlands to abate these GHG emissions to meet our net zero targets. In Carbon Budget 7, the Climate Change Committee recommends that by 2040, peatland restoration should represent over 50% of the emissions savings in land use, and 17% of the savings in the agriculture and land use sector. Peatland restoration targets have been set in the 2023 Environmental Improvement Plan (EIP), with an aim to restore 280,000 hectares by 2050. When peat is restored or re-wet, it moves from a degraded condition category to a restored or re-wet condition category in the UK National GHG Inventory using an IPCC Tier 2 methodology. This move is treated as a step-change without considering any transition between the two steady states. However, it has been hypothesised that this methodology is failing to consider a significant transitional removal of CO2 when a heavily degraded peat is restored. Thus, the CO2 sequestration potential of peat restoration may have been significantly underestimated. To date, the abatement potential of peat restoration has focused only on avoided emissions, however, the potential transitional removal of CO2 could make peat restoration a significant net greenhouse gas removal (GGR), which would be a game changer for attracting carbon finance. The report by Evans et al (2022) on ‘Aligning the Peatland Code with the UK Peatland Inventory’, proposes a model for capturing transitional changes in GHG fluxes post-restoration for CO2. However, this model needs to be refined and validated before it can be used to support investment in peat restoration or to understand the transitional removal of CO2 and its contribution to emissions savings. Therefore, research is required to refine and validate the model approach and to establish the criteria and method for how transitional CO2 uptake could be applied within the National GHG inventory and the Peatland Code.

Katy Reed

Published 1 day ago

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